RLHF Explained: How Human Feedback Trains AI Models in 2026

RLHF Explained: How Human Feedback Trains AI Models in 2026

Last updated: April 2026 Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a 3-stage training pipeline that aligns large language models with human preferences: first supervised fine-tuning, then reward model training on ranked outputs, and finally policy optimization with PPO. As of 2026, RLHF remains the conceptual foundation of LLM alignment, but production systems increasingly replace … Read more

OpenAI Model Spec Explained: 5 Rules That Shape ChatGPT

Last updated: March 2026 The OpenAI Model Spec is a ~100-page public document that defines how ChatGPT and OpenAI API models should behave. It establishes a hierarchical chain of command — root rules that can never be overridden, system-level instructions from developers, and user-level preferences — to resolve conflicts between safety, helpfulness, and user freedom. … Read more